2024, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part A

In 2022, Mpox formerly known as monkeypox, saw a global outbreak that quickly spread to numerous countries across Europe and America, impacting over 100 nations and regions. The WHO announced it as a (PHEIC) due to the virus’s rapid spread. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment options to manage the infection and limit its transmission. However, treatment options for Mpox are still scarce, with only a few antiviral drugs approved by health authorities. The virus’s considerable mutability has resulted in the emergence of resistant strains to existing medications, highlighting the urgent need for new antiviral treatments to combat drug resistance and bioterrorism threats. Currently there is a lack of comprehensive research on the mechanisms and treatment of Mpox. To address this, we conducted a review focusing on the pathophysiological process associated with Mpox infection and the latest progress in anti-Mpox therapies. It shows an implemented clinical drugs, as newly identified small- molecule and antibody therapies that show potential against Mpox. Additionally, we have compiled significant insights from the Mpox drug development process, which includes strategies for drug repurposing, the identification of drug targets through artificial intelligence, and efforts in preclinical development. This review aims to equip readers with a detailed understanding of the current knowledge regarding Mpox.