2025, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part C
Telluride Glasses: Luminescence, Structure, and Far-Infrared Optical Fiber Applications – A Comprehensive Review
Author(s): Akanksha Tiwari, Priti Chincholkar, Pranay Guru and SK Sharma
Abstract: Tellurium-based glasses, encompassing oxide-based tellurite (TeO₂-rich) and non-oxide telluride (Te-rich chalcogenide) systems, have emerged as one of the most versatile glassy platforms in modern photonics owing to their unique combination of low phonon energy, extended infrared transparency, high refractive index, large rare-earth solubility, and exceptional nonlinear optical response. Tellurite glasses exhibit phonon energies of ~700–800 cm⁻¹, high rare-earth ion accommodation (>20 mol%), and broad transmission up to ~6 µm, making them ideal hosts for visible-to-near-IR luminescent devices, white-LED phosphors, and fiber amplifiers. In contrast, telluride glasses push the transparency window beyond 20 µm, possess ultralow optical losses in the 8–14 µm atmospheric window, and support single-mode far-infrared fiber designs critical for space-borne nulling interferometry (ESA Darwin mission) and mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. Recent advances in compositional engineering (Ge-Te-AgX chalcohalides, Te-Ge-Se stabilization, oxyfluoride glass-ceramics, RE-gettering purification) have dramatically improved thermal stability against crystallization, reduced OH/H₂O impurities, and enabled controlled nanocrystallization for enhanced luminescence and radiation shielding. This review consolidates more than a decade of progress in synthesis, structural characterization (XRD, Raman, EXAFS, ND), spectroscopic properties (Judd-Ofelt analysis, lifetime, quantum efficiency), and functional performance of Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺, Tb³⁺, Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺-doped tellurite and telluride systems, alongside fiber-drawing achievements and emerging applications in solid-state lighting, gamma-ray shielding, biomedical sensing, and far-infrared photonics.
DOI: 10.22271/reschem.2025.v6.i2c.234
Pages: 238-244 | Views: 172 | Downloads: 107
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How to cite this article:
Akanksha Tiwari, Priti Chincholkar, Pranay Guru, SK Sharma. Telluride Glasses: Luminescence, Structure, and Far-Infrared Optical Fiber Applications – A Comprehensive Review. J Res Chem 2025;6(2):238-244. DOI: 10.22271/reschem.2025.v6.i2c.234
